• Cooper, T. W., "A study of the performance of petroleum storage tanks during earthquakes, 1933-1995", 1997
• Akatsuka, H.; Kobayashi, H., "Fire of Petroleum Tank, etc. by Niigata Earthquake", 2006
• Watanabe, T., "Damage to oil refinery plants and a building on compacted ground by the Niigata earthquake and their restoration", 1966

A number of tanks collapsed due to the earthquake. Resulting fire caused extensive damage to the refinery. A tsunami carried the oil offsite where it blanketed a residential area.

See Cooper (1997) Section 1.2, page 2.