RAPID-N

Natech

Hazard	Kocaeli Earthquake, Turkey, 1999/08/17
Industrial Plant	Turkish Petroleum Refineries Corp. (TUPRAS) Izmit Refinery, Turkey
Epicentral Distance	7.9845 km
Hypocentral (Focal) Distance	18.782 km
Modified Mercalli	Destructive
Medvedev-Sponheuer-Karnik	Damaging
European Macroseismic	Destructive
Instrumental Intensity	8.202
Peak Ground Acceleration	42.618 %g (0.4262 g)
Horizontal Peak Ground Acceleration	0.25 g
Vertical Peak Ground Acceleration	0.2 g
Peak Ground Velocity	49.195 cm/s
Peak Ground Displacement	40–60 cm
References	Girgin, S., "The natech events during the August 17, 1999 Kocaeli Earthquake: aftermath and lessons learned", 2011 Suzuki, K., "Report on damage to industrial plants in the 1999 Kocaeli earthquake, Turkey", 2002 Steinberg, L. J. and Cruz, A. M., "When natural and technological disasters collide: lessons from the Turkey Earthquake of August 17, 1999", 2004 Danış, H.; Görgün, M., "Marmara earthquake and TÜPRAŞ fire", 2005 Durukal, E.; Erdik, M., "Physical and economic losses sustained by the industry in the 1999 Kocaeli, Turkey earthquake", 2008
Access	Public

No	Plant Unit Type	Plant Unit Properties	Damage State			Damage Properties
1.	Storage Tank	Shape: Cylindrical Vertical; Roof Type: Floating Roof; Base Support Type: Unanchored; Construction Material: Steel; Storage Condition: Atmospheric	DS2 (Light)	30	15	Shape: Cylindrical Vertical; Roof Type: Floating Roof; Base Support Type: Unanchored; Construction Material: Steel; Storage Condition: Atmospheric; num_damaged: 30; num_undamaged: 15; DS_{Seligson et al.}: Light; A_hole: 10 cm²