Type | Report | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Title | Risk Management Program Guidance for Offsite Consequence Analysis | ||||||
Authors | U.S. EPA | ||||||
Year | 1999 | ||||||
Number | EPA 550-B-99-009 | ||||||
Institution | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency | ||||||
Publisher | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency | ||||||
Abstract | This document provides guidance to the owner or operator of processes covered by the Chemical Accident Prevention Program rule in the analysis of offsite consequences of accidental releases of substances regulated under section 112(r) of the Clean Air Act. This document does not substitute for EPA's regulations, nor is it a regulation itself. Thus, it cannot impose legally binding requirements on EPA, States, or the regulated community, and may not apply to a particular situation based upon the circumstances. This guidance does not constitute final agency action, and EPA may change it in the future, as appropriate. | ||||||
Files |
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Access | Public |
No | Name | Property | Value | Validity Conditions | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | Atmospheric stability for RMP alternative scenario | AS | Neutral | RMP Scenario: Alternative | - | - | - |
2. | Atmospheric stability for RMP worst-case scenario | AS | Stable | RMP Scenario: Worst-case | - | - | - |
3. | Combustion rate for pool fire (TNO method) | qc | ƒ(Tb, TA, ∆Hc0, Apool, ΔvH, cp) kg/s | Substance Type: Flammable; Fire/Explosion Event: Pool Fire | - | - | - |
4. | Default duration of exposure | te | 40 s | Fire/Explosion Event: Pool Fire, BLEVE | - | - | - |
5. | Default endpoint radiation intensity | eqR | 5000 W/m2 | Fire/Explosion Event: BLEVE, Jet Fire, Pool Fire | - | 5 | - |
6. | Default passive release mitigation factor | PRMF | 0.55 | Enclosure: Building; Release State: Gas | - | - | - |
7. | Default Radiation Intensity from fireball's Combustion Duration and Thermal Dose. | eqR | ƒ(tc) W/m2 | Fire/Explosion Event: BLEVE | - | - | - |
8. | Default radiative fraction of heat of combustion | RHc | 0.4 | Fire/Explosion Event: Pool Fire, BLEVE | - | - | - |
9. | Default reduced gaseous release rate | qgr | ƒ(qgas) kg/min | - | - | - | - |
10. | Density from RMP density factor (DF) | d | ƒ(DFRMP) lb/ft3 | - | - | - | - |
11. | Distance to 1 psi overpressure for VCE (TNT-equivalency method) | ede | ƒ(fyield, Qfuel, ∆Hc0) m | Substance Type: Flammable; VCMmodel: TNT Equivalency; Fire/Explosion Event: Vapor Cloud Explosion; Δp: 1 psi | - | - | - |
12. | Distance to endpoint thermal dose for BLEVE (Hymes point-source model) | ede | ƒ(τa, R, ∆Hc0, Qfuel, DT, tc) m | Substance Type: Flammable; Fire/Explosion Event: BLEVE | - | - | - |
13. | Distance to endpoint thermal dose for pool fire (TNO point model) | ede | ƒ(R, qc, ∆Hc0, τa, qR) m | Substance Type: Flammable; Fire/Explosion Event: Pool Fire; Pool Fire Model: Point Source | - | - | - |
14. | Distance to lower flammability limit (LFL) from RMP reference table (dense plume) | ede | ƒ(RTRMP, LFL, MW, qgas, reduced) mile | qgas: > 0 kg/min; RTRMP: Table 28, Table 29 | - | - | - |
15. | Distance to lower flammability limit (LFL) from RMP reference table (neutrally buoyant plume) | ede | ƒ(LFL, MW, qgas, reduced, RTRMP) mile | qgas: > 0 kg/min; RTRMP: Table 26, Table 27 | - | - | - |
16. | Distance to peak overpressure for VCE (TNT-equivalency method) | ede | ƒ(fyield, Qfuel, ∆Hc0, Δp) m | Substance Type: Flammable; VCMmodel: TNT Equivalency; Fire/Explosion Event: Vapor Cloud Explosion; Δp: ≠ 1 psi | - | - | - |
17. | Distance to second-degree burns for pool fire from RMP Pool Fire Factor | ede | ƒ(PFFRMP, Apool) ft | Substance Type: Flammable; Fire/Explosion Event: Pool Fire; Pool Fire Model: RMP pool fire model | - | - | - |
18. | Duration of fireball | tc | ƒ(Qstored) s | Fire/Explosion Event: BLEVE | - | - | - |
19. | Endpoint distance from RMP reference table (neutrally buoyant plume) | ede | ƒ(qgas, reduced, TEPRMP, RTRMP) mile | qgas: > 0 kg/min; RTRMP: Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, Table 4, Table 14, Table 15, Table 16, Table 17 | - | - | - |
20. | Endpoint distance from RMP reference table (substance-specific) | ede | ƒ(RTRMP, qgas, reduced, TOPO) mile | qgas: > 0 kg/min; RTRMP: Table 9, Table 10, Table 11, Table 12, Table 22, Table 23, Table 24, Table 25 | - | - | - |
21. | Endpoint overpressure for RMP scenarios | ePd | 1 psi | Substance Type: Flammable; Fire/Explosion Event: Vapor Cloud Explosion | - | - | - |
22. | Evaporation rate from pool | qe | ƒ(MW, u, Apool, Pv, TCFRMP) g/s | - | - | - | - |
23. | Evaporation rate from pool area, wind speed and RMP liquid factor | qe | ƒ(u, LFRMP, Apool) lb/min | - | - | - | - |
24. | Evaporation rate from released quantity and RMP liquid factor | qe | ƒ(Qreleased, u, LFRMP, DFRMP) lb/min | hpool: 1 cm | - | - | - |
25. | Explosion yield factor for RMP alternative scenario | fyE | 0.03 | Substance Type: Flammable; RMP Scenario: Alternative | - | - | - |
26. | Explosion yield factor for RMP worst-case scenario | fyE | 0.10 | Substance Type: Flammable; RMP Scenario: Worst-case; Fire/Explosion Event: Vapor Cloud Explosion | - | - | - |
27. | Hymes point-source model for fireball | eqR | ƒ(τa, R, ∆Hc0, Qfuel, de) W/m2 | Fire/Explosion Event: BLEVE | - | - | - |
28. | Passive release mitigation factor for evaporation inside building | PRMF | 0.1 | Enclosure: Building; Release State: Liquid; qevaporation: > 0 kg/min; RMP Scenario: Worst-case | - | - | - |
29. | Pool area from released quantity and RMP density factor | AP | ƒ(Qreleased, DFRMP) ft2 | Enclosure: ∅, Shed; Release State: Liquid; Qreleased: > 0 kg; hpool: 1 cm | - | - | - |
30. | Pool area from released volume, effective dike area and volume, and minimum pool depth | AP | ƒ(Vreleased, Vdike0, hpool, min, Adike0) m2 | Release State: Liquid; Vreleased: > 0 m3 | - | 5 | - |
31. | Reduced gaseous release rate from gaseous release rate and active release mitigation factor | qgr | ƒ(qgas, fm, active) kg/min | - | - | - | - |
32. | Reduced gaseous release rate from gaseous release rate and passive release mitigation factor | qgr | ƒ(qgas, fm, passive) kg/min | - | - | - | - |
33. | Reduced gaseous release rate from gaseous release rate, active and passive release mitigation factors | qgr | ƒ(qgas, fm, active, fm, passive) kg/min | - | - | - | - |
34. | Release rate from a hole (liquid) | qr | ƒ(Ahole, DFRMP, hfill, hole, Pg) lb/min | Storage Condition: Pressure, Refrigerated pressure; Storage State: Liquid; Cd: 0.8; Qreleased: ∅ | - | - | - |
35. | Release rate from a hole (liquid) | qr | ƒ(Ahole, Cd, ρ, hfill, hole, Pstorage, PA) kg/s | Storage State: Liquid; Qreleased: ∅ | - | - | - |
36. | Release rate from a hole (liquid, ambient pressure) | qr | ƒ(Ahole, hfill, hole, LLFRMP) lb/min | Storage Condition: Atmospheric, Refrigerated atmospheric; Storage State: Liquid; Cd: 0.8; hfill, hole: > 0 m; Qreleased: ∅ | - | - | - |
37. | Release rate from a hole for chocked flow (gas) | qr | ƒ(Ahole, Pstorage, GFRMP, Tstorage) lb/min | State of Matter: Gas; Storage Condition: Gas under pressure, Pressure, Refrigerated pressure; Qreleased: ∅ | - | - | - |
38. | Release rate from a hole for chocked flow (gas) | qr | ƒ(Cd, Ahole, γ, Pstorage, ρ) kg/s | Qreleased: ∅ | - | - | - |
39. | Release rate from a hole for non-chocked flow (gas) | qr | ƒ(Cd, Ahole, Pstorage, ρ, γ, PA) kg/s | Qreleased: ∅ | - | - | - |
40. | Release temperature from ambient and storage temperatures | Tr | ƒ(TA, Tstorage) °C | Storage Condition: ≠ Refrigerated atmospheric, ∅ | - | - | - |
41. | Release temperature from boiling point | Tr | ƒ(Tb) °C | Storage Condition: Refrigerated atmospheric | - | - | - |
42. | RMP density factor from density | RMP_DF | ƒ(ρ) ft2/lb | - | - | - | - |
43. | RMP flash fraction factor (FFF) equation | RMP_FFF | ƒ(Tb, cp, ΔvH) | State of Matter: Gas; Storage Condition: Pressure, Gas liquefied under pressure; Tstorage: 25°C | - | - | - |
44. | RMP gas factor (GF) equation | RMP_GF | ƒ(Cd, γ, MW) | Cd: 0.8 | - | - | - |
45. | RMP liquid factor ambient (LFA) equation | RMP_LFA | ƒ(MW, Pv) | - | - | - | - |
46. | RMP liquid factor boiling (LFB) equation | RMP_LFB | ƒ(MW, Tb) | - | - | - | - |
47. | RMP liquid factor from release temperature and RMP liquid factor ambient | RMP_LF | ƒ(LFARMP) | Release State: Liquid; Trelease: 25°C | - | - | - |
48. | RMP liquid factor from release temperature and RMP liquid factor boiling | RMP_LF | ƒ(Trelease, Tb, LFBRMP) | Release State: Liquid | - | - | - |
49. | RMP liquid factor from release temperature and RMP liquid factor boiling | RMP_LF | ƒ(LFBRMP) | Release State: Liquid; Trelease: > 50°C | - | - | - |
50. | RMP liquid factor from release temperature, RMP liquid factor ambient and RMP temperature correction factor | RMP_LF | ƒ(LFARMP, TCFRMP) | Release State: Liquid; Trelease: 25–50°C | - | - | - |
51. | RMP liquid leak factor (LLF) equation | RMP_LLF | ƒ(Cd, ρ) | State of Matter: Liquid; Cd: 0.8 | - | - | - |
52. | RMP reference table for ammonia | RMP_RT | ƒ(substance_cas_no, AS) | Storage Condition: ≠ Pressure, ≠ Gas liquefied under pressure | - | 2 | - |
53. | RMP reference table for ammonia liquefied under pressure | RMP_RT | ƒ(substance_cas_no, AS) | Storage Condition: Pressure, Gas liquefied under pressure | - | 3 | - |
54. | RMP reference table for chlorine | RMP_RT | ƒ(substance_cas_no, AS) | - | - | 3 | - |
55. | RMP reference table for D stability | RMP_RT | ƒ(PT, TOPO, tgas) | u: 3 m/s; Atmospheric Stability: Neutral; Fire/Explosion Event: No Fire | - | - | - |
56. | RMP reference table for F stability | RMP_RT | ƒ(PT, TOPO, tgas) | u: 1.5 m/s; Atmospheric Stability: Stable; Fire/Explosion Event: No Fire | - | - | - |
57. | RMP reference table for sulfur dioxide | RMP_RT | ƒ(substance_cas_no, AS) | - | - | - | - |
58. | RMP reference table for vapor cloud fire | RMP_RT | ƒ(PT, TOPO) | Substance Type: Flammable; Fire/Explosion Event: Vapor Cloud Fire | - | 3 | - |
59. | RMP temperature correction factor (TCF) (lookup) | RMP_TCF | ƒ(substance_cas_no, Trelease) | Release State: Liquid; Trelease: 25–50°C | - | 3 | - |
60. | RMP Worst-case scenario release duration for gaseous substances | tr | 10 min | Substance Type: Toxic; LOC State: ∅; Release State: Gas; RMP Scenario: Worst-case | - | - | - |
61. | Standard RMP temperature correction factor (TCF) | RMP_TCF | 1.0 | Release State: Liquid; Trelease: 25°C | - | - | - |
62. | Thermal dose from duration of exposure and radiation intensity | TD | ƒ(texp, qR) TDU | - | - | - | - |
63. | TNO flash fraction equation | FF | ƒ(Tb, cp, ΔvH, Tstorage) | State of Matter: Gas; Storage Condition: Pressure; Storage State: Liquid | - | 1 | - |
64. | TNO point-source model for pool fire | eqR | ƒ(R, qc, ∆Hc0, τa, de) W/m2 | Fire/Explosion Event: Pool Fire | - | - | - |
65. | Wind speed for RMP alternative scenario | u | 3.0 m/s | RMP Scenario: Alternative | - | - | - |
66. | Wind speed for RMP worst-case scenario | u | 1.5 m/s | RMP Scenario: Worst-case | - | - | - |
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